Evaluation of Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations in Tropical Cyclones by Comparison of In Situ Observations and High-Resolution Simulations of Hurricane Isabel (2003). Part I:…

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Effects of Surface Exchange Coefficients and Turbulence Length Scales on the Intensity and Structure of Numerically Simulated Hurricanes (2012, unknown): “The uncertainties in near-surface winds in TCs mentioned above make it difficult to design and evaluate these turbulence schemes, although some recent studies have been making progress by using special research datasets (e.g., Nolan et al. 2009a,b).”
Intercomparison of Planetary Boundary-Layer Parametrizations in the WRF Model for a Single Day from CASES-99 (2011, background): “In the recent study of Nolan et al. (2009), it was shown that a modification in surface-layer formulations that considers a more recently formulated ocean roughness length improves their hurricane simulations with both the YSU and MYJ schemes.”