The selection and function of cell type-specific enhancers
By S. Heinz, C. Romanoski, C. Benner, Christopher K. Glass. Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2015
967 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The human body contains several hundred cell types, all of which share the same genome. In metazoans, much of the regulatory code that drives cell type-specific gene expression is located in distal elements called enhancers. Although mammalian genomes contain millions of potential enhancers, only a small subset of them is active in a given cell type. Cell type-specific enhancer selection involves the binding of lineage-determining transcription factors that prime enhancers. Signal-dependent transcription factors bind to primed enhancers, which enables these broadly expressed factors to regulate gene expression in a cell type-specific manner. The expression of genes that specify cell type identity and function is associated with densely spaced clusters of active enhancers known as super-enhancers. The functions of enhancers and super-enhancers are influenced by, and affect, higher-order genomic organization.
Subfields: Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/94caa0015217cda3cdf6eb4360b63221d832a72e
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In Molecular Biology
Citations in the corpus
- Regulation of disease-associated gene expression in the 3D genome (2016, neutral): “The binding of specific transcription factors and the production of small enhancer RNAs are also part of the chromatin signature (for comprehensive reviews, see REFS 22–24 ).”
- An environment-dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity (2017, background): “Insights into mechanisms that control the development and function of specific cell types can be obtained by analyses of their enhancer repertoires and corresponding epigenetic landscapes (30).”