All-optical switches on a silicon chip realized using photonic crystal nanocavities

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Manipulating light with strongly modulated photonic crystals (2010, methodology): “To realize much faster all-optical switches, here we employ another nonlinear effect, namely the carrier-induced nonlinear index that results from the carrier-plasma dispersion in silicon, which is governed by a much faster carrier relaxation time [250, 251].”
High-speed ultracompact buried heterostructure photonic-crystal laser with 13 fJ of energy consumed per bit transmitted (2010, background): “It has been proposed and demonstrated that various light–matter interactions are enhanced in such cavities, leading to substantial reductions in device operating power in all-optical switching and memorie”
Slow Light Enhanced Nonlinear Optics in Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2010, background): “calculate the density of free carriers generated across the pulse by noting that the free carrier lifetime (τrecomb ∼ 100 ps − 1 ns in silicon PhC geometries [32]) is much greater than the pi-”
Trapping and delaying photons for one nanosecond in an ultrasmall high-Q photonic-crystal nanocavity (2007, background): “This is particularly important because large values of Q s V enable various forms of enhancement in light–matter interactions, such as a reduction in switching powe”