Impact of population, age structure, and urbanization on carbon emissions/energy consumption: evidence from macro-level, cross-country analyses

By Brantley Liddle. Population and environment, 2013

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The impact of urbanization on energy intensity: Panel data evidence considering cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity (2017, background): “A transition process begins from the agricultural-based economy to the industry and service-based economy and, hence, the labour force in rural areas is transferred to urban areas [8,9].”
How does tourism development affect environmental pollution? (2021, methodology): “Following Liddle (2014) and Kocak et al. (2020), the STIRPAT model can be rewritten as equation (3), and tourism is included in it as an indicator of affluence lnCARi;t ¼ ai þ blnPOPi;t þ c1lnGDPi;t þ c2lnTOURi;t þ dlnEIi;tþui;t ð3Þ Based on equation (3), we capture the influence of tourism…”
The impact of urbanization on carbon emissions in developing countries: a Chinese study based on the U-Kaya method (2016, background): “As noted by Liddle (2014), the earlier of the first type of studies focused on developing countries and found a positive, significant relationship between urbanization and energy consumption (Parikh and Shukla 1995).”