Effect of high gold salt concentrations on the size and polydispersity of gold nanoparticles prepared by an extended Turkevich–Frens method
By Kara Zabetakis, W. Ghann, Sanjeev Kumar, M. Daniel. Gold Bulletin, 2012
140 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The Turkevich–Frens synthesis starting conditions are expanded, ranging the gold salt concentrations up to 2 mM and citrate/gold(III) molar ratios up to 18:1. For each concentration of the initial gold salt solution, the citrate/gold(III) molar ratios are systematically varied from 2:1 to 18:1 and both the size and size distribution of the resulting gold nanoparticles are compared. This study reveals a different nanoparticle size evolution for gold salt solutions ranging below 0.8 mM compared to the case of gold salt solutions above 0.8 mM. In the case of [Au3+] < 0.8 mM, both the size and size distribution vary substantially with the citrate/gold(III) ratio, both displaying plateaux that evolve inversely to [Au3+] at larger ratios. Conversely, for [Au3+] ≥ 0.8 mM, the size and size distribution of the synthesized gold nanoparticles continuously rise as the citrate/gold(III) ratio is increased. A starting gold salt concentration of 0.6 mM leads to the formation of the most monodisperse gold nanoparticles (polydispersity index < 0.1) for a wide range of citrate/gold(III) molar ratios (from 4:1 to 18:1). Via a model for the formation of gold nanoparticles by the citrate method, the experimental trends in size could be qualitatively predicted: the simulations showed that the destabilizing effect of increased electrolyte concentration at high initial [Au3+] is compensated by a slight increase in zeta potential of gold nanoparticles to produce concentrated dispersion of gold nanoparticles of small sizes.
Subfields: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Materials Chemistry, Organic Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93d758b68aa9e5a8c9d55e013d83ebc9acd12a69
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Citations in the corpus
- Reviewing the Tannic Acid Mediated Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles (2014, methodology): “Numerous reducing agents have been used to reduce metal salts to form metal nanoparticles; for example, tri-sodium citrate [7–9] and sodiumborohydride [10] are being used for the reduction of gold chloride and silver nitrate solutions to form gold and silver nanoparticles, respectively, for decades.”