Nitrogen effects on plant species richness in herbaceous communities are more widespread and stronger than those of phosphorus
By M. Soons, M. Hefting, E. Dorland, L. Lamers, C. Versteeg, R. Bobbink. 2017
147 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment are known to impact plant diversity globally. Recent studies suggest that P enrichment may be as important, or even more important, as a driver of terrestrial plant species loss as N enrichment. However, the generality and relative contribution of these critical nutrients to species losses remains unclear. Here, we quantitatively compared effects of N, P and combined NP enrichment on species richness of natural and semi-natural herbaceous ecosystems across the world in a meta-analysis of 189 long-term nutrient addition experiments in the field. Our experiment-based approach shows that, across terrestrial and wetland ecosystems, N and NP enrichment had widespread and strong negative effects on plant species richness. N reduced plant species richness across experiments by on average 16% (p < 0.001), while P did not (on average 3%, NS). Combined NP enrichment also reduced species richness, by on average 16% (p = 0.009), with the dominant effect statistically attributed to N. N enrichment effects were greater in China than in Europe and America, which may be explained by background atmospheric N deposition rates and earlier species losses in Europe and America. P enrichment reduced species numbers only in the most species-rich communities and even increased species numbers at high latitudes. All nutrient enrichment combinations (N, P, NP) stimulated aboveground biomass production, and biomass-mediated mechanisms are likely to have contributed to reported species losses. Our findings demonstrate that for the protection of the world's herbaceous plant diversity, it is of the highest priority that N loads be drastically reduced.
Subfields: Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Soil Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93c2b5a787a677ddbf2f2e1640c2682839027d0f
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In Nature and Landscape Conservation
Citations in the corpus
- Impacts of nitrogen addition on plant species richness and abundance: A global meta‐analysis (2018, methodology): “The higher the N addition to the soil, the larger the negative impact on local plant diversity, reflecting that the coexistence of different species is promoted by nutrient limita‐ tion (Harpole et al., 2011; Soons et al., 2017).”