Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: What do we really know?

By Friedrich Schneider. 2005

149 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/939a9170879a866b30ed47c71f76cc153c710a37

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Citations in the corpus

Informality Trends and Cycles (2006, unknown): “In fact, self employment correlates well with other estimates of informal activity such as the Schneider (2005) Data on self-employment are obtained from the International Labor Organization, which on its website (http://laborsta.ilo.org) publishes yearly employment statistics for most countries.”
Working Paper Number 129 Tax evasion, tax avoidance and development finance (2005, background): “The most recent, consistent data on the informal sector across each region of the world is that provided by Schneider (2005).”
The Impact of Tax Morale and Institutional Quality on the Shadow Economy (2009, methodology): “…includes all market-based legal production of goods and services that are deliberately concealed from public authorities for the following reasons (Schneider 2005a): (1) to avoid payment of income, value added or other taxes, (2) to avoid payment of social security contributions, (3) to avoid…”
The Marginal Cost of Public Funds and Tax Reform in Africa (2012, unknown): “The coefficient of correlation with Schneider’s (2005) measure of the shadow economy is 0.”
Taxes, Theft, and Firm Performance (2011, unknown): “Schneider (2005) uses the latent estimation approach, in which the hidden economy is considered as “unobserved variable,” and the currency demand approach to measure the shadow economy in 145 countries.”
Measuring Global Money Laundering: "The Walker Gravity Model" (2009, methodology): “In 2006, Austrian economist Friedrich Schneider published some interesting shadow economy estimates for 145 different countries (Schneider, 2006).”