The Definition of Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma

By H. Ohgaki, P. Kleihues. Clinical Cancer Research, 2012

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Survival in glioblastoma: a review on the impact of treatment modalities (2016, background): “This has been reported to be associated with better prognosis and increased overall survival [12].”
Glioblastoma: pathology, molecular mechanisms and markers (2015, background): “For example, TERT promoter mutation, PTEN tumor suppressor gene mutation, and high-level gene amplification of certain proto-oncogenes—most commonly the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene—are hallmark alterations in primary GBMs, while mutations of IDH1/2, TP53, and ATRX are frequent in se”
The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary (2016, background): “Glioblastomas are divided in the 2016 CNS WHO into (1) glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (about 90 % of cases), which corresponds most frequently with the clinically defined primary or de novo glioblastoma and predominates in patients over 55 years of age [30]; (2) glioblastoma, IDH-mutant (about 10 % of c”