Shear wave splitting, continental keels, and patterns of mantle flow

By M. Fouch, K. Fischer, E. Parmentier, M. Wysession, T. Clarke. 2000

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Seismic observations of large-scale deformation at the bottom of fast-moving plates (2012, background): “…observed, for example in central and eastern North America, where SKS fast axes are generally parallel with APM expressed in a hot-spot reference frame (Fouch et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2008), although lithospheric anisotropy appears also to be required (Barruol et al., 1997; Fouch et al., 2000).”
Null Detection in Shear-Wave Splitting Measurements (2007, background): “Indeed, Null measurements are often treated separately (Silver and Chan, 1991; Barruol et al., 1997; Fouch et al., 2000; Currie et al., 2004) or even neglected in shear-wave splitting studies.”
Mantle dynamics and seismic anisotropy (2010, background): “…beneath the interior of the North American continent, which has been interpreted as evidence for shear in the asthenosphere driven by plate motion (Fouch et al., 2000), but global surface wave models (e.g., Lebedev and van der Hilst, 2008) do not show particularly strong azimuthal anisotropy…”