More male fish embryos near a pulp mill

By D. Larsson, Hans Ha¨︂llman, Lars Fo¨︂rlin. 2000

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Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of the Pharmaceutical Ethynylestradiol Causes Reproductive Failure in Fish (2004, background): “…for example, the induction of female-specific proteins in male fish (Tyler and Routledge 1998), induction of gonopodia in females (Bortone and Davis 1994), reduced sperm counts (Haubruge et al. 2000), skewed sex ratios (Larsson et al. 2000), and prevalence of intersexuality (Jobling et al. 1998).”
Methods for Assessing Fish Populations (2010, background): “Estrogen from municipal sewage and androgens from biotransformation of pulp and paper mill effluents can skew the 1:1 sex ratio common in most healthy fish populations (Larsson et al. 2000).”