A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps of lithium-ion batteries: Process optimization and kinetics analysis

By Xihua Zhang, Hongbin Cao, Yongbing Xie, Pengge Ning, Huijiao An, Haixia You, F. Nawaz. 2015

218 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is preliminarily established in this research. Biodegradable trichloroacetic acid (TCA) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is innovatively developed to dissolve LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps. Operational parameters are optimized to obtain a lower Al dissolution rate, but not at the expense of sacrificing other metals. Under the optimal leaching condition of 3.0 M TCA, 4 vol.% H2O2, a solid to liquid (S/L) ratio of 50 g/L at 60 degrees C for 30 min, the leaching rates of Ni, Co, Mn and Li are 93.0%, 91.8%, 89.8% and 99.7%, respectively. In this optimum condition, only 7.0% of Al is leached, and this could be further controlled according to the subsequent utilization of the leachate. Avrami equation is introduced to describe the leaching kinetics of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps. The apparent activation energies for leaching of Ni, Co, Mn and Li are determined as 44.51, 44.79, 43.81 and 28.00 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating that the surface chemical reaction is the rate-controlling step during this leaching process. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/91508346564c2238553365c7b5916528e1d613f4

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Biomedical Engineering

1. Xiao Lin
2. Hongbin Cao
3. Feng Wu

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. Feng Wu
2. Renjie Chen
3. Li Li
4. Gholamreza Karimi
5. S. Zandevakili
6. M. Goodarzi
7. E. Asadi Dalini
8. Jun Lu

In Mechanical Engineering

1. Renjie Chen
2. Li Li
3. S. Zandevakili
4. M. Goodarzi
5. E. Asadi Dalini
6. Gholamreza Karimi
7. Hongbin Cao
8. Feng Wu

Citations in the corpus

• A Mini-Review on Metal Recycling from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries (2018, methodology): “[69] used biodegradable trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as the leaching agent and H2O2 as the reducing agent to selectively leach LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2.”
• A Review on Environmental, Economic and Hydrometallurgical Processes of Recycling Spent Lithium-ion Batteries (2020, methodology): “(Zhang et al. 2015) studied the leaching of metals by using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), acetic acid (organic acids) and H2SO4(inorganic acid) as acidic agents as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium sulfite(Na2SO3) and sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) as reducing agents.”
• The Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: a Review of Current Processes and Technologies (2018, background): “Here, Fenton’s reagent has been shown to be effective in the assistance of flotation separation, in which under an optimal condition of a Fe2+/H2O2 ratio of 1:120 and a solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio of 75:1, most organic layers can be removed (Fig.”