Traveltime delay and initial phase reversal of distant tsunamis coupled with the self‐gravitating elastic Earth
By S. Watada, S. Kusumoto, Kenji Satake. 2014
163 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Systematic tsunami traveltime delays of up to 15 min relative to the numerically simulated long waves from the 2010 Chilean and 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquakes were widely observed at deep ocean tsunamimeters. Enigmatic small negative phases appearing before the main peak were commonly found only at the trans‐oceanic locations. The frequency dependence of the measured tsunami phase velocities shows reverse dispersions at long periods, i.e., the tsunami speed becomes slower at periods beyond 1000 s. This is consistent with the phase velocities of a tsunami mode coupled with a self‐gravitating elastic Earth, suggesting that the effects of compression and dilatation of seawater, elastic tsunami loadings on a solid Earth, and the geopotential variations associated with the motion of mass during tsunami propagation are responsible for the traveltime delays and the initial negative phases. Simple 1‐D tsunami propagation tests confirm that the reverse dispersion creates a small negative phase that precedes the main peak at large distances. A new method to simulate tsunami waveforms on real ocean bathymetry that takes into account seawater compressibility, the elasticity of the Earth, and geopotential perturbations has been developed by applying a phase correction to the simulated long waves. The simulated waveforms, in which phase corrections are applied for the dispersion effects, accurately reproduce the observed waveforms, including a small initial negative phase that appears at distant locations. The traveltime difference between the observed and simulated waveforms has been decreased to less than 5 min and the waveform difference between them remarkably diminishes.
Subfields: Geophysics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/914db59e45354fcac97140f0ec0390912a793a80
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Geophysics
Citations in the corpus
- Fault slip distribution of the 2014 Iquique, Chile, earthquake estimated from ocean‐wide tsunami waveforms and GPS data (2015, methodology): “In addition, tsunami forerunners in the far field with a reversed polarity were also reported [Allgeyer and Cummins, 2014; Watada et al., 2014].”