Ground plane effects on planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) performance

By Minh-Chau Huynh, W. Stutzman. 2003

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Antenna Decoupling by Common and Differential Modes Cancellation (2021, background): “For CM, the impedance matching and bandwidth can be tuned by the size of the ground plane, i.e., W g and L g [47].”
TE Surface Wave Resonances on High-Impedance Surface Based Antennas: Analysis and Modeling (2011, background): “The size of the meta-surface, as it happens for all small and resonant antennas [17], [18], can be of crucial importance since”
Design and Performance Investigation of a Dual-Element PIFA Array at 2.5 GHz for MIMO Terminal (2007, background): “The characteristics of the conventional PIFA, such as return loss, bandwidth and gain at the frequency of interest, strongly depend on the ground plane size [11], [12].”
Multiband Handset Antenna Combining a PIFA, Slots, and Ground Plane Modes (2009, background): “the ground plane (also referred as PCB: Printed Circuit Board) dimensions determine bandwidth, particularly at the lower frequencies [1], [2].”
Effects of metallic plate size on the performance of microstrip patch-type tag antennas for passive RFID (2005, background): “Earlier studies [11] show that there is a slight variation in the resonance frequency of a patch-type antenna when the ground plane size is increased.”