The helical auxetic yarn – A novel structure for composites and textiles; geometry, manufacture and mechanical properties

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Review of Auxetic Materials for Sports Applications: Expanding Options in Comfort and Protection (2018, unknown): “The initial angle at which the wrap ﬁbre is spun around the core ﬁbre, and the diameter ratio of wrap to core ﬁbre inﬂuences the value of the NPR, whereby a lower yarn wrap angle increases the magnitude of NPR [215–217].”
On the design and characterisation of low-stiffness auxetic yarns and fabrics (2012, methodology): “Sloan et al.14 report the mechanical characterisation of the HAY, describing the equipment and methodology for obtaining practical yarns, with a focus on stiffer yarns for higher-modulus applications such as composites and blast mitigation.”