'Salinity Stress: Physiological Constraints and Adaptive Mechanisms'

By Sergey Shabala, R. Munns. 2012

257 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A significant part of the world's land area is salt-affected. Most crops are not able to handle large amounts of salt without a negative impact on their growth and metabolism, so understanding the physiological mechanisms by which plants deal with salinity is essential to minimize detrimental effects and reduce the multibillion dollar penalties imposed by salt stress on crop production. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge of physiological mechanisms conferring plant adaptive responses to salinity. Major physiological constraints are then summarized, and physiological and genetic diversity of plant responses to salinity are discussed. Key physiological and anatomical mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance in plants are then analysed in detail, and practical ways of ameliorating salinity stress are considered. Altogether, this chapter shows that plants have evolved numerous mechanisms to prevent accumulation of toxic Na + levels in cell cytosol. This ability is complemented by mechanisms of coping with oxidative stress imposed by salinity. A more complete physiological and genetic understanding of these processes will enable breeders to produce new salt-tolerant plants for the future.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8fbd82da7f23040078bff09ada505d5e6bfb6473

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Citations in the corpus

Salinity Stress in Wheat: Effects, Mechanisms and Management Strategies (2021, background): “Exclusion of Na and retention of K, maintenance of an optimum K/Na ratio, osmotic adjustment, and enhanced activities of antioxidant system are vital for plants under salinity stress [24,25].”
A Tool for the Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions (2018, background): “The increase in salinity level reduces the photosynthesis rate due to the lower stomatal aperture [50], the depression in specific metabolic processes in carbon uptake [51], the inhibition in photochemical capacity [52], or a combination of these phenomena [53].”
A Review of Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Soil Salinization (2019, background): “The use of wild relatives to wheat and barley has been addressed by Munns et al. [42].”
Stomata and Xylem Vessels Traits Improved by Melatonin Application Contribute to Enhancing Salt Tolerance and Fatty Acid Composition of Brassica napus L. Plants (2020, background): “High levels of NaCl led to a reduction in the internal levels of K+ owing to the competition between Na+ and K+ ions [63,73].”
Endophytic bacteria (Sphingomonas sp. LK11) and gibberellin can improve Solanum lycopersicum growth and oxidative stress under salinity (2015, background): “Exposure to salinity stress causes increase in water stress, ionic influx, oxidant imbalance, membrane disintegration, cell division impairment, and fruit development (Flowers 2004; Gill & Tuteja 2010; Shabala & Munns 2012).”
Piriformospora indica alters Na+/K+ homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes and LeNHX1 expression of greenhouse tomato grown under salt stress (2019, background): “High Na concentrations in soil or irrigation water inhibit nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and protein synthesis; causing severe disruption of plant metabolism and performance (Shabala and Munns, 2012).”
Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress (2015, background): “The resistance of glycophytes to lethal salinity can be improved by short exposure to low levels of salt stress, a process known as salt acclimation [177,184].”