Maize yield losses from stemborers in Kenya

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Distribution, pest status and agro-climatic preferences of lepidopteran stem borers of maize in Kenya (2006, unknown): “This has serious implication in terms of food security since the farm produce from the SR harvest is expected to supplement the LR harvest in both high and low potential areas (De Groote 2002).”
Major heretofore intractable biotic constraints to African food security that may be amenable to novel biotechnological solutions (2004, background): “Pre-harvest crop losses due to stem borers account for over 20–40% in maize and sorghum production in Africa (DeGroote, 2002) (Table 9).”
Impact assessment of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for suppression of mango-infesting fruit flies in Kenya (2016, background): “We followed De Groote (2002) and Gitonga (2009) who defined economic loss of maize yield due to stem borer infestation and snow pea yield loss as a consequence of leaf-miner infestation, respectively, as the proportion of potential total yield.”
Global Review of Commercialized Transgenic Crops: 2001 Feature: Bt Cotton (2002, methodology): “Based on information from these studies and the work of Aquino et al (1999), De Groote (2002) estimates crop losses due to stem borers at a national level in Cameroon at 14%.”