Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors.

By W. Cooper, S. Hernández-Díaz, P. Arbogast, J. Dudley, Shannon M. Dyer, Patricia S. Gideon, K. Hall, W. Ray. New England Journal of Medicine, 2006

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Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2012 (2011, background): “Statins are category X (contraindicated for use in pregnancy) and should be discontinued before conception, as should ACE inhibitors (402).”
Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of peripartum cardiomyopathy: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripartum cardiomyopathy (2010, background): “Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) are contraindicated because of serious renal and other foetal toxicity (I-C).(55,56) Hydralazine and long-acting nitrates.”
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009, background): “tinued before conception, as should ACE inhibitors (304).”
Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Cardiac Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2014, background): “78% of unexposed infants in a large control population.(23) Of note, most of the reported defects were atrial septal defects or patency of the ductus arteriosus, which would not have been detectable prenatally.”