South‐North Trade, Intellectual Property Jurisdictions, and Freedom to Operate in Agricultural Research on Staple Crops*
By Eran Binenbaum, C. Nottenburg, Philip G. Pardey, Brian D. Wright, Patricia Zambrano. Economic development and cultural change, 2003
117 citations recorded by the source corpus.
A biotechnology revolution is proceeding in tandem with international proliferation of intellectual property regimes and rights. Does the intellectual property impede agricultural research conducted in, or of consequence for, developing countries? This question has important spatial dimensions that link the location of production, the pattern of international trade, and the jurisdiction of intellectual property. Our main conclusion is that the current concerns about the freedom to operate in agricultural research oriented towards food crops for the developing world are exaggerated. Rights to intellectual property are confined to the jurisdictions where they are granted, and, presently, many of the intellectual property (IP) rights for biotechnologies potentially useful to developing-country agricultural producers are valid only in developed countries. IP problems might arise in technologies destined for crops grown in developing countries unencumbered by IP restrictions, if those crops are subsequently exported to countries in which IP is likely to prevail. Thus freedom to trade is also part of the IP story. However, using international production and trade data in the 15 crops critical to food security throughout the developing world, we show that exports from developing to developed countries are generally dwarfed by production and consumption in the developing world, the value of these exports is concentrated in a few crops and a few exporting countries, and the bulk of these exports go to Western Europe. Thus for now, most LDC researchers can focus primarily on domestic IPR in determining their freedom to operate with respect to food staples.
Subfields: Management of Technology and Innovation, Plant Science, Strategy and Management
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e6c0b07d8262433675f229ad1de342a8bfb3bda
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In Management of Technology and Innovation
In Plant Science
Citations in the corpus
- Attribution and other problems in assessing the returns to agricultural R&D (2001, background): “For example, Binenbaum et al. (2000) analyse the jurisdictional pattern of intellectual property rights that affect international flows of germplasm and related biotechnologies.”