The four basic ways of creating dark matter through a portal
By Xiaoyong Chu, T. Hambye, M. Tytgat. 2011
365 citations recorded by the source corpus.
We consider the possibility that along the thermal history of the Universe, dark matter (DM) would have been created from Standard Model particles, either through a kinetic mixing portal to an extra U(1) gauge field, or through the Higgs portal. Depending solely on the DM particle mass, on the portal and on the DM hidden sector interaction, we show how the observed DM relic density can be obtained. There are four possible freeze-in/reannihilation/freeze-out regimes, which together result in a simple characteristic relic density phase diagram, with the shape of a ``Mesa''. In the case of the kinetic mixing portal, we show that, unlike other freeze-in scenarios discussed in the literature, the freeze-in regime can be probed by forthcoming DM direct detection experiments. These results are well representative of any scenario where a DM hidden sector would be created out of the Standard Model {sector}.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8e22acacb61f4f4837a5baab975d95679d3071bc
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Citations in the corpus
- Light dark matter: Models and constraints (2017, background): “11 labels couplings where the correct abundance can be achieved through freeze-in [40,41,122].”
- Direct detection of strongly interacting sub-GeV dark matter via electron recoils (2019, background): “labelled “direct detection”), as well as from RRS (purple) and XQC (light orange) [54]. We also show for comparison the “freeze-in” line along which DM obtains the correct relic density in this model [4,113]. The region at high cross sections is unconstrained from CMB measurements if this DM particl”
- Refined bounds on MeV-scale thermal dark sectors from BBN and the CMB (2019, neutral): “[35] X.”
- Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter with semiconductor targets (2015, neutral): “The χ abundance can receive an irreducible “freeze-in” [88] contribution from 2→ 2 annihilation of SM particles to χχ̄ as well as Z-boson decays to χχ̄, computed in [9] (see also [24]).”
- A taste of dark matter: flavour constraints on pseudoscalar mediators (2014, neutral): “Note that even if gχ is so weak that the dark sector never thermalises, the observed relic abundance can be obtained via the freeze-in mechanism [111, 112].”
- Production regimes for Self-Interacting Dark Matter (2015, background): “H [46], where the HS and connect labels refer to the HS cross section (from αX) and”
- Dark Matter's secret liaisons: phenomenology of a dark U(1) sector with bound states (2016, background): “no significant cosmological abundance of dark photons was produced, while DM was populated due to pair-production processes by the SM fermions via the kinetic mixing of the dark photon to hypercharge (freeze-in) [124, 166].”
- The Dawn of FIMP Dark Matter: A Review of Models and Constraints (2017, background): “[260] and has then been studied in various contexts including supersymmetry [261], Higgs portal [240, 241], kinetic mixing portal [240], and hidden vector DM models [241].”
- Higgs portal, fermionic dark matter, and a Standard Model like Higgs at 125 GeV (2012, background): “Various possibilities to obtain the relic abundance for various cases of DM and mediator properties have been discussed recently in [47].”