Improvement of surface finish on SKD steel using electro-discharge machining with aluminum and surfactant added dielectric

By Kun-Ling Wu, B. Yan, F. Huang, S. Chen. 2005

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Surface integrity in metal machining - Part I: Fundamentals of surface characteristics and formation mechanisms (2021, background): “The use of surfactants in combination with an added powder also improves the surface integrity of EDM processed steel [241], based on the principle of separation of particles which tend to agglomerate together, thereby enhancing the actual distribution of powder particles.”
A review on current research trends in electrical discharge machining (EDM) (2007, background): “[58] added surfactant with Al powder and found that it has more apparent effect to distribute electrical discharging energy to achieve thinner recast layer around 1–2 mm in thickness compared to 5–8 mm under pure dielectric.”
Study on the nano-powder-mixed sinking and milling micro-EDM of WC-Co (2011, background): “The bridging effect can result in more concentrated discharge energy and accumulate carbon on the surface of workpiece, finally deteriorating the surface roughness [ 26 ].”
Material removal rate and electrode wear ratio study on the powder mixed electrical discharge machining of cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide (2009, background): “Wu [14] discussed the improvement of the machined surface of EDM by adding aluminum powder and surfactant into dielectric fluid.”