On the enigma of day‐to‐day variability in equatorial spread F

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Spread F – an old equatorial aeronomy problem finally resolved? (2009, background): “But it is the capability to also obtain Incoherent Scatter electron densities, by looking off perpendicularity, that makes ALTAIR a unique and powerful tool (e.g. Tsunoda and White, 1981; Tsunoda, 2005).”
On monthly/seasonal/longitudinal variations of equatorial irregularity occurrences and their relationship with the postsunset vertical drift velocities (2008, background): “Haerendel et al., 1992; Eccles et al., 1999; Kudeki and Bhattacharyya, 1999; Tsunoda, 2005 ].”
Occurrence characteristics of plasma bubble derived from global ground‐based GPS receiver networks (2007, background): “When the ionospheric height is assumed at 400 km, velocity of the pierce point of the GPS radio wave at the ionospheric altitude is approximately 70 m/s around the zenith, therefore the scale of the phenomenon is ’20 km. Size of plasma bubble is 100 km ’ 400 km in zonal direction [e.g., Fukao et al.”
Simulation of the seeding of equatorial spread F by circular gravity waves (2013, background): “…and a zonal E field [Sekar and Kelley, 1998], a collisional‐shear instability [Hysell and Kudeki, 2004], a sporadic E‐layer instability [Tsunoda, 2007], mesoscale traveling ionospheric disturbances [Miller et al., 2009], and large‐scale wave structure in the bottomside ionosphere [Tsunoda, 2005].”