Photosynthesis

By Matthew P. Johnson. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, 2016

986 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Photosynthesis sustains virtually all life on planet Earth providing the oxygen we breathe and the food we eat; it forms the basis of global food chains and meets the majority of humankind's current energy needs through fossilized photosynthetic fuels. The process of photosynthesis in plants is based on two reactions that are carried out by separate parts of the chloroplast. The light reactions occur in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane and involve the splitting of water into oxygen, protons and electrons. The protons and electrons are then transferred through the thylakoid membrane to create the energy storage molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinomide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). The ATP and NADPH are then utilized by the enzymes of the Calvin–Benson cycle (the dark reactions), which converts CO2 into carbohydrate in the chloroplast stroma. The basic principles of solar energy capture, energy, electron and proton transfer and the biochemical basis of carbon fixation are explained and their significance is discussed.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cfeae9021e4200804178b6a180cc93c263aae37

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In Molecular Biology

1. Laurent Pilon
2. M. Huesemann
3. Derek Abbott
4. M. Ashraf
5. A. Melis
6. A. N. Misra
7. Ranjeet Singh
8. Lauri Oksanen

In Plant Science

1. Martin Schlerf
2. T. McNeilly
3. Laurent Pilon
4. M. Huesemann
5. Derek Abbott
6. M. Ashraf
7. A. Melis
8. A. N. Misra

Citations in the corpus

• Radiation characteristics of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC125 and its truncated chlorophyll antenna transformants tla1, tlaX and tla1-CW+ (2008, background): “These complexes channel the solar energy to two distinct photosystems, namely photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII), where electrons necessary for driving various chemical reactions are generated from oxidation of water [21].”
• Dynamic change in photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll degradation elicited by cereal aphid feeding (2002, background): “…protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photo oxidative damage by quenching triplet state chlorophyll molecules and scavenging reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (Biswal et al., 1994; Malkin & Niyogi, 2000), the similar pattern of all three photosynthetic pigments is not surprising.”
• The dark side of algae cultivation: Characterizing night biomass loss in three photosynthetic algae, Chlorella sorokiniana, Nannochloropsis salina and Picochlorum sp. (2015, background): “Much of the previouswork on characterizing algae respiration in the dark relied heavily on changes in oxygen concentrations as a proxy for biomass losses in the dark [25,28,29].”
• Arctic lemmings, Lemmus spp. and Dicrostonyx spp.: integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives (2008, background): “Turchin and Batzli (2001) assumed that the mosses recover completely within 2 years, in accordance with data from the wet tundra at Barrow (Tieszen et al., 1980).”