Inference by eye: confidence intervals and how to read pictures of data.

By Geoff Cumming, S. Finch. American Psychologist, 2005

1,443 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8ccb566b19ac073fc99c0dc7de266ee415f60525

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Citations in the corpus

Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation (2021, neutral): “In accordance with Cumming and Finch (2005), non-overlapping CIs indicated differences bet-ween values at a probability approximately equal to .01, and CIs which overlapped less than 50 % were considered indicative of differences in values of approximately p .05.”
Strengthening statistical usage in marine ecology (2012, background): “…and present misconception, misuse, and misinterpretation of statistics in virtually all fields of research (e.g. Anderson et al., 2001; Cohen, 1994; Cumming and Finch, 2005; Hubbard and Bayarri, 2003; Huck, 2011; Morrison and Henkel, 1970; Sellke et al., 2001; Ziliak and McCloskey, 2008a), lending…”
Bayesian Estimation and Inference (2015, methodology): “Based on credibility intervals, this approach is stronger than the many recommendations for using confidence intervals (e.g., American Psychological Association, 2010; Cumming & Finch, 2005).”
Effect-Size Measures and Meta-Analytic Thinking in Counseling Psychology Research (2006, background): “Many researchers have advanced the field by placing research focus on effect sizes and CIs and by emphasizing meta-analytic thinking (Cumming & Finch, 2005; Kline, 2004; Quintana & Minami, in press [TCP special issue, part 2]; Smithson, 2000; Thompson, 2002; Tryon, 2001).”
The impact of trial stage, developer involvement and international transferability on universal social and emotional learning programme outcomes: a meta-analysis (2016, background): “As described by Cumming and Finch (2005), this approach does not require a specialised understanding of meta-analytic techniques, and instead assesses how closely related two confidence intervals are, such as those presented in Figures 1–3 (see ‘results’).”
Inference by eye: Reading the overlap of independent confidence intervals (2009, methodology): “An informal adjustment towards conservatism, to protect against inflated Type 1 error rates [ 5 ], may be to use p 5 ] recommended a range of ways to think about CIs without invoking p values.”
Seaborn: Statistical Data Visualization (2021, methodology): “The confidence intervals are computed with a bootstrap algorithm, allowing them to generalize over many different statistics, and the default level allows the user to perform “inference by eye” (Cumming & Finch, 2005).”
Navigating the College Years: Developmental Trajectories and Gender Differences in Psychological Functioning, Cognitive-Affective Strategies, and Social Well-Being (2020, methodology): “We followed the guidelines of Cumming and Finch (2005), who emphasized that interpreting significance only when the CIs of means do not overlap is too conservative.”
Error bars in experimental biology (2007, background): “, from n knock-out mice and n wild-type mice, you can compare the SE bars or the 95% CIs on the two means (6).”
Can Early Childhood Curriculum Enhance Social-Emotional Competence in Low-Income Children? A Meta-Analysis of the Educational Effects (2018, methodology): “The method of examining overlapping CIs (Cumming & Finch, 2005) was used to determine whether the mean ESs from different study groups differed significantly.”
Predilections for narrative outcomes: The impact of story contexts and reader preferences (2006, neutral): “Note that the triangle on each ﬂoating conﬁdence interval sig-niﬁes the association of the conﬁdence interval with the diﬀerence between the adjacent means (Cumming & Finch, 2005).”
Using plant functional traits to explain community composition across a strong environmental filter in Australian alpine snowpatches (2011, methodology): “The differences in the trait-weighted means and divergence between each snowmelt zone were determined by visually examining the overlap of 95% confidence intervals (Cumming and Finch 2005).”
Evaluating the potential biases in carnivore capture–recapture studies associated with the use of lure and varying density estimation techniques using photographic-sampling data of the Malagasy civet (2011, methodology): “We defined a significant difference between methods when the 95% confidence intervals of two means overlapped no more than half the average margin of error; this is equivalent to a conservative hypothesis test at a = 0.05 (Cumming and Finch 2005).”