Age of Information: An Introduction and Survey

By Roy D. Yates, Yin Sun, D. Brown, Sanjit Krishnan Kaul, Eytan H. Modiano, Sennur Ulukus. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2020

1,163 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We summarize recent contributions in the broad area of age of information (AoI). In particular, we describe the current state of the art in the design and optimization of low-latency cyberphysical systems and applications in which sources send time-stamped status updates to interested recipients. These applications desire status updates at the recipients to be as timely as possible; however, this is typically constrained by limited system resources. We describe AoI timeliness metrics and present general methods of AoI evaluation analysis that are applicable to a wide variety of sources and systems. Starting from elementary single-server queues, we apply these AoI methods to a range of increasingly complex systems, including energy harvesting sensors transmitting over noisy channels, parallel server systems, queueing networks, and various single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks. We also explore how update age is related to MMSE methods of sampling, estimation and control of stochastic processes. The paper concludes with a review of efforts to employ age optimization in cyberphysical applications.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8cc3d5801f6ab6737f93dc4267c9ac2d571e40f8

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Citations in the corpus

Edge Artificial Intelligence for 6G: Vision, Enabling Technologies, and Applications (2021, background): “We hope this can inspire more advanced 6G wireless and information techniques (e.g., millimeter-wave and terahertz (THz) communications [217], [218], age of information [219]) to support edge AI systems for establishing integrated communication, computation and learning ecosystems.”
UAV-Assisted Data Collection for Internet of Things: A Survey (2022, background): “Compared with the latency, AoI includes not only the transmission delay of data packets but also the waiting time of data packets at the source node and the residence time at the destination node [37], [38].”
Beyond Transmitting Bits: Context, Semantics, and Task-Oriented Communications (2022, positive): “quantifies freshness of information at a monitor about some remote stochastic process X(t) observed by a transmitter node [285]– [288].”
Semantic Communications for Future Internet: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges (2022, neutral): “an appropriate analysis of AoI can be chosen according to the specific system, such as time-average age and peak age, which are presented in detail in [168].”