Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus converting-enzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.

By A. Barnett, S. Bain, P. Bouter, B. Karlberg, S. Madsbad, J. Jervell, J. Mustonen. New England Journal of Medicine, 2004

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Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease (2019, background): “Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is also present in the setting of diabetes, as evidenced by higher production of DAG as well as vasoconstrictive compounds such as endothelin-1 and angiotensin-II [84].”
An updated overview of diabetic nephropathy: Diagnosis, prognosis, treatment goals and latest guidelines (2020, methodology): “250 people with T2DM and moderate (A2) albuminuria were randomized to telmisartan or enalapril.(97) After 5 years, similar rates of deterioration in measured GFR were observed and there were no differences in other outcome measures of DN.”
The metabolic syndrome. (2008, background): “Certainly these classes of agents have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of albuminuria or progression of nephropathy in patients with diabetes (659).”