New Environmental Theories: Empathizing With Nature: The Effects ofPerspective Taking on Concern for Environmental Issues

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Saving Mr. Nature: Anthropomorphism enhances connectedness to and protectiveness toward nature (2013, background): “Similarly, when people take the perspective of animals being harmed and consider their emotional experiences, they become more concerned about them (e.g., Berenguer, 2007; Schultz, 2000).”
The structure of environmental attitudes: A first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis (2004, methodology): “On the other hand, Schultz (2000, 2001), proposed that environmental concerns have three correlated factors: concern for the self (Egoistic), other people (Altruistic), and the biosphere (Biospheric).”
Who Sees Human? (2010, background): “Research has demonstrated that empathizing with nature increases concern for the environment (Gebhard et al., 2003; Schultz, 2000) and that taking the perspective of a harmed animal increases environmental concern (Sevillano, Aragones, & Schultz, 2007).”
Environmental sustainability and national personality (2014, background): “Empathic engagement with the natural world tends to promote the desire for environmental conservation as individuals become more aware of the harmful consequences of their actions (Schultz, 2000).”
Values, Economics, and Proenvironmental Attitudes in 22 Societies (2002, background): “Indeed, current research on environmental behavior highlights the importance of an altruistic orientation for proenvironmental action (e.g.,Schultz,2000;Stern & Dietz, 1994; but see Kaplan, 2000).”