Conservation practice as primitive accumulation

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Virtual nature, violent accumulation: The ‘spectacular failure’ of carbon offsetting at a Ugandan National Park (2014, background): “…the status of conservation enclosure as primitive accumulation on the grounds that it involves the creation of public rather than private property (Kelly, 2011, 687), evictions at Mount Elgon enabled the generation of exchange value through the sale of both carbon offsets and ecotourism…”
Conservation, green/blue grabbing and accumulation by dispossession in Tanzania (2012, background): “As pointed out by Kelly (2011), in conservation practice ‘ecotourism’ works as a key tool in this process.”
Global Land Grabbing and Trajectories of Agrarian Change: A Preliminary Analysis (2012, background): “…to pin down for various reasons – although findings from recent research on land grabbing suggest that most current land deals are in fact for biofuel production (see, e.g., Deininger 2011), extractive industries (including timber) and conservation purposes (see, e.g., Corson 2011; Kelly 2011).”
Green economy, degradation narratives, and land-use conflicts in Tanzania (2020, background): “In development studies, and political ecology in particular, there has been a renewed interest in the interplay between dispossession and capital accumulation (Benjaminsen & Bryceson, 2012; Büscher, 2009; Corson, 2011; Glassman, 2006; Kelly, 2011; Li, 2010; Roberts, 2008; Shivji, 2008; Sneddon, 2007”