Inflammatory Cytokines as a Third Signal for T Cell Activation
By Julie M. Curtsinger, M. Mescher. Current Opinion in Immunology, 2010
624 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Summary CD8 T cells require a third signal, along with Ag and costimulation, to make a productive response and avoid death and/or tolerance induction. Recent studies indicate that IL-12 and Type I IFN (IFNα/β) are the major sources of signal 3 in a variety of responses, and that the two cytokines stimulate a common regulatory program involving altered expression of about 350 genes. Signal 3-driven chromatin remodeling is likely to play a major role in this regulation. Although less well studied, there is emerging evidence that CD4 T cells may also require a ‘third signal’ for a productive response and that IL-1 can provide this signal. Signal 3 cytokines can replace adjuvants in supporting in vivo T cell responses to peptide and protein antigens, and a better understanding of their activities and mechanisms should contribute to more rational design of vaccines.
Subfields: Immunology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8c0dc9878944425095aaccdb4f1f70011b708be6
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Citations in the corpus
- CD8 T Cell Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infection and Cancer. (2019, background): “Cytokine and inflammatory environments play a major role in shaping T cell activation and differentiation (138).”
- Interluekin-12 enhances the function and anti-tumor activity in murine and human CD8+ T cells (2015, background): “While most studies have focused on a comparison of Tc1 cells with other effector cell subsets, Mescher and colleagues have more precisely defined the role of IL-12 in this process [22].”