Salinity Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum Ecotypes: Shoot Growth Responses and Criteria

By Geung-Joo Lee, R. Duncan, R. Carrow. 2004

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Evaluation of turfgrass salt tolerance is a basic strategy for selecting grasses that can be grown in areas with salt-affected water or soils. Our objectives were to deter- mine the relative salinity tolerances of 32 grasses and to evaluate potential shoot-based criteria for assessing salinity tolerance. Shoot growth responses to salinity of 28 seashore paspalums (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) and four bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) x C. transvalensis Burtt-Davy) cultivars were investigated under solution/sand culture in a greenhouse. Turfgrasses were grown in a sea-salt amended nutrient solution. Salinity ranges were 1.1 to 41.1 dS·m -1 based on electrical conductivity of the solution (ECw). Se- lection criteria to assess salt tolerance were absolute growth at 1.1 (ECw0), 24.8 (ECw24), 33.1 (ECw32), and 41.1 dS·m -1 (ECw40); threshold ECw; ECw for 25% and 50% growth reduction based on ECw0 growth; and leaf fi ring (LF) at ECw0 and ECw40 (LF0 and LF40, respectively). Signifi cant variations among 32 entries were observed for all shoot responses except threshold ECw. Ranges of values for shoot parameters were: inherent growth at ECw0 = 0.10 to 0.98 g dry weight (10-fold difference); growth at 24.8 dS·m -1 = 0.11 to 0.64 g; growth at 33.1 dS·m -1 = 0.09 to 0.54 g; growth at 41.4 dS·m -1 = 0.06 to 0.35 g; threshold ECw = 3.9 to 12.3 dS·m -1 ; ECw25 % = 14 to 38 dS·m -1 ; ECw50% = 22 to 43 dS·m -1 ; and LF40 = 7% to 41%. Results in this study indicated substantial genetic-based variation in salt tolerance within seashore paspalums. When evaluation of salt tolerance based on shoot responses is attempted at wide salinity levels up to 40 dS·m -1 , all seven criteria exhibiting a signifi cant F test can be used. Five entries (SI 92, SI 93-1, SI 91, SI 93-2, SI 89) were ranked in the top statistical grouping for all seven-growth parameters, followed by SI 90 ranked in six out of seven, and three paspalums (SI 94-1, 'Sea Isle 1', and 'Taliaferro') were ranked in fi ve out of seven categories.

Subfields: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Environmental Chemistry, Nature and Landscape Conservation

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