Bidirectional Reflectance Spectroscopy: 5. The Coherent Backscatter Opposition Effect and Anisotropic Scattering

By B. Hapke. 2002

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The Spectral Irradiance of the Moon (2005, background): “…these observations, concluding that the major cause is shadow hiding (Buratti et al. 1996; Hillier 1997) or shadow hiding and coherent backscatter (Hapke 2002), with coherent backscatter being most important for very small phase angles (Helfenstein et al. 1997; Hillier et al. 1999; Shkuratov et…”
Resolved Hapke parameter maps of the Moon (2014, methodology): “These unique multitemporal observations provide significant variation of i, e, and g, from which we derived spatially resolved photometric parameters using Hapke’s bidirectional reflectance model [Hapke, 1981, 2002, 2008, 2012a] (hereafter called “Hapke model”).”
A Review of Nonlinear Hyperspectral Unmixing Methods (2014, background): “Since the reflectance values are typically smaller than one, the virtual bilinear endmembers will be smaller in magnitude than the true endmembers.”
Extreme sensitivity of the YORP effect to small-scale topography (2009, background): “The opposition effect (Hapke, 2002) is ignored, as is the illumination of otherparts of the surface by the reflected flux.”