A Trapped-Factors Model of Innovation †

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How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

Trade Induced Technical Change? The Impact of Chinese Imports on innovation, IT and Productivity (2011, unknown): “This appears broadly consistent with the trapped factor model of Bloom et al (2013), although of course there are alternative explanations.”
Import competition and firm innovation: Evidence from China (2021, background): “Second, import competition reduces the opportunity costs of various trapped factors, and therefore lowers the costs of innovation (Bloom et al. 2013).”
A toolkit of policies to promote innovation (2019, background): “Finally, capital and labor are often “trapped” within firms (for example, restricted by the costs of hiring employees or moving capital); if competition removes the market for a firm’s product, it will be forced to innovate to redeploy these factors (Bloom et al., 2017).”