Reducing Transatlantic Barriers to Trade and Investment: An Economic Assessment

By Joseph Francois, M. Manchin, Hanna C. Norberg, Olga Pindyuk, Patrick Tomberger. 2013

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Non-tariff barriers, integration and the transatlantic economy (2015, background): “…that all observed deviations in actual trade from predicted trade (not explained by pairwise distance or by size of markets) results from unobserved trade costs (for more discussion on these points, see De Melo and Tarr, 1992; Francois and Shiells, 1994; Hertel, 1997, 2013; Francois et al., 2013).”
Heterogeneous effects of economic integration agreements (2018, background): “…work needed to be done should cast an eye to earlier efforts to measure and analyze the effects of non-tariff measures and trade facilitation for European Union countries addressed in Anderson et al. (2008), which provided underlying methodology for Berden et al. (2010) and Francois et al. (2013).”
Melting Ice Caps and the Economic Impact of Opening the Northern Sea Route (2018, background): “31See for example Francois (2000), Francois et al. (2005), and Francois et al. (2013)). not benefit from the trade costs reductions and will, in addition, experience trade diversion (increased competition from other countries), which is associated with lower trade, but also with lower welfare and…”