PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY KEPLER. VI. PLANET SAMPLE FROM Q1–Q16 (47 MONTHS)

By F. Mullally, Jeff Coughlin, S. Thompson, J. Rowe, C. Burke, D. Latham, N. Batalha, S. Bryson, J. Christiansen, C. Henze and 49 more. 2015

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We present the sixth catalog of Kepler candidate planets based on nearly four years of high precision photometry. This catalog builds on the legacy of previous catalogs released by the Kepler project and includes 1493 new Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) of which 554 are planet candidates, and 131 of these candidates have best-fit radii < 1.5 ?> R ⨁ ?> . This brings the total number of KOIs and planet candidates to 7348 and 4175 respectively. We suspect that many of these new candidates at the low signal-to-noise ratio limit may be false alarms created by instrumental noise, and discuss our efforts to identify such objects. We re-evaluate all previously published KOIs with orbital periods of > 50 ?> days to provide a consistently vetted sample that can be used to improve planet occurrence rate calculations. We discuss the performance of our planet detection algorithms, and the consistency of our vetting products. The full catalog is publicly available at the NASA Exoplanet Archive.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

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STELLAR AND PLANETARY PROPERTIES OF K2 CAMPAIGN 1 CANDIDATES AND VALIDATION OF 17 PLANETS, INCLUDING A PLANET RECEIVING EARTH-LIKE INSOLATION (2015, background): “The Kepler telescope (Borucki et al. 2010) has led to a revolution in stellar and planetary astrophysics, with 7305 “objects of interest” and 4173 “planet candidates” discovered to date (Borucki et al. 2011a, 2011b; Batalha et al. 2013; Burke et al. 2014; Mullally et al. 2015; Rowe et al. 2015).”
The California-Kepler Survey. V. Peas in a Pod: Planets in a Kepler Multi-planet System Are Similar in Size and Regularly Spaced (2017, methodology): “We discarded planets for which Mullally et al. (2015) measured b > 0.9, for which the high impact parameters adversely affected our ability to determine accurate planet radii, removing 75 planet candidates.”
KEPLER ECLIPSING BINARY STARS. VII. THE CATALOG OF ECLIPSING BINARIES FOUND IN THE ENTIRE KEPLER DATA SET (2015, background): “The catalog of KOIs (Mullally et al. 2015) provides a list of detected planets and planet candidates.”
Origin and evolution of the atmospheres of early Venus, Earth and Mars (2018, background): “…population of planets with masses slightly larger than Solar System terrestrial planets but with over-sized radii, indicate that nebular-based H2-envelopes are a common phenomenon on small planets (Mullally et al. 2015; Rogers 2015; Lammer et al. 2016; Cubillos et al. 2017; Fossati et al. 2017).”
The California-Kepler Survey. I. High-resolution Spectroscopy of 1305 Stars Hosting Kepler Transiting Planets (2017, methodology): “In addition to planet catalogs produced by the Kepler team, detailed planet validation has been performed by Lissauer et al. (2012, 2014) on mulit-planet systems, and on large samples (1000’s) of KOIs by Mullally et al. (2015) and Morton et al. (2016).”
About 30% of Sun-like Stars Have Kepler-like Planetary Systems: A Study of Their Intrinsic Architecture (2018, methodology): “We then cross-match this stellar catalog with the planet candidate table from Kepler data release 23 (Mullally et al. 2015), and find 1635 KOIs.”
Identifying Exoplanets with Deep Learning: A Five-planet Resonant Chain around Kepler-80 and an Eighth Planet around Kepler-90 (2017, background): “…of transiting exoplanets (and thousands more planet candidates, Borucki et al. 2011a,b; Batalha et al. 2013; Burke et al. 2014; Rowe et al. 2015; Mullally et al. 2015; Coughlin et al. 2016; Thompson et al. 2017; Rowe et al. 2014; Morton et al. 2016), and significantly improved our…”
DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF Kepler-452b: A 1.6 R⨁ SUPER EARTH EXOPLANET IN THE HABITABLE ZONE OF A G2 STAR (2015, background): “According to the recent Kepler Q1–Q16 catalog (Mullally et al. 2015) available at the NExSCI exoplanet archive,2 approximately 65 additional small planetary candidates have been identified orbiting in or near the habitable zones of stars over a much wider range of spectral types with effective…”
PLANETARY CANDIDATES FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF THE K2 MISSION (2015, background): “Kepler has been highly successful, finding thousands of planetary candidates (Borucki et al. 2011; Mullally et al. 2015), the majority of which are likely genuine transiting exoplanets (Morton & Johnson 2011; Morton 2012a; Fressin et al. 2013; Lissauer et al. 2012; Rowe et al. 2014; Santerne et al.…”
They are small worlds after all: revised properties of Kepler M dwarf stars and their planets (2015, background): “Several thousand candidate or confirmed planets have been discovered in data from Kepler (Mullally et al. 2015), permitting the robust statistical analyses of much smaller (Earth- to Neptune-size) planets.”
The California-Kepler Survey. II. Precise Physical Properties of 2025 Kepler Planets and Their Host Stars (2017, methodology): “We began with the transit fit parameters from the Q16 KOI catalog (Mullally et al. 2015).”
Breaking the chains: hot super-Earth systems from migration and disruption of compact resonant chains (2017, background): “Statistical studies suggest that about one out of three solar- E-mail: izidoro.costa@gmail.com type stars (FGK spectral types) host a super-Earth with orbital period shorter than 100 d (Mayor et al. 2011; Howard et al. 2012; Fressin et al. 2013; Petigura et al. 2013).”
The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets (2017, methodology): “…et al. (2017, hereafter Paper II), we associated those stellar parameters from Paper I to Dartmouth isochrones (Dotter et al. 2008) to derive improved stellar radii and masses, allowing us to recalculate planetary radii using the light curve parameters from Mullally et al. (2015), hereafter “Q16”.”
THE KEPLER FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATION PROGRAM. I. A CATALOG OF COMPANIONS TO KEPLER STARS FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING (2016, background): “Sorting out false positives is a complex process addressed in many publications (Fressin et al. 2013; Coughlin et al. 2014; Seader et al. 2015; Mullally et al. 2015; Desert et al. 2015; McCauliff et al. 2015; Santerne et al. 2016; Morton et al. 2016), with current estimates for false positive rates…”
SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVII. The physical properties of giant exoplanets within 400 days of period (2015, methodology): “The target star KOI-5745 hosts a giant-planet candidate with an orbital period of 11 days (Mullally et al. 2015).”
PROBABILISTIC MASS–RADIUS RELATIONSHIP FOR SUB-NEPTUNE-SIZED PLANETS (2015, background): “• Most sub-Neptune mass uncertainties are large, and some are realistically only upper limits.”
The California-Kepler Survey. VII. Precise Planet Radii Leveraging Gaia DR2 Reveal the Stellar Mass Dependence of the Planet Radius Gap (2018, methodology): “Using our updated stellar radii, we derived planet radii using the values of Rp/R tabulated in Mullally et al. (2015).”
The California-Kepler Survey. IV. Metal-rich Stars Host a Greater Diversity of Planets (2017, methodology): “This excludes planets that only transit once or twice during Kepler observations, which have a higher false positive rate (Mullally et al. 2015).”