Gains in Maize Genetic Improvement in Eastern and Southern Africa: I. CIMMYT Hybrid Breeding Pipeline
By B. Masuka, G. Atlin, M. Olsen, Cosmos Magorokosho, M. Labuschagne, Jose Crossa, M. Bänziger, K. Pixley, B. Vivek, A. V. Biljon and 8 more. 2017
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Monitoring of genetic gain in crop genetic improvement programs is necessary to measure the efficiency of the program. periodic measurement of genetic gain also allows the efficiency of new technologies incorporated into a program to be quantified. Genetic gain within the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) breeding program for eastern and southern Africa were estimated using time series of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. A total of 67 of the best-performing hybrids from regional trials from 2000 to 2010 were selected to form an era panel and evaluated in 32 trials in eight locations across six countries in eastern and southern Africa. Treatments included optimal management, managed and random drought stress, low-nitrogen (N) stress and maize streak virus (MSV) infestation. Genetic gain was estimated as the slope of the regression of grain yield on the year of hybrid release. Genetic gain under optimal conditions, managed drought, random drought, low N, and MSV were estimated to have increased by 109.4, 32.5, 22.7, 20.9 and 141.3 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. These results are comparable with genetic gain in maize yields in other regions of the world. New technologies to further increase the rate of genetic gain in maize breeding for eastern and southern Africa are also discussed. J.E. Cairns, B. Masuka, J. Macrobert, C. Magorokosho, A. Tarekegne, and M. Zaman-Allah, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), PO Box MP163, Harare, Zimbabwe; G. Alvarado, J. Crossa, M. Bänziger, and K.V. Pixley, CIMMYT, Km. 35 Carr. Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Edo de Mexico, DF, Mexico; G.N. Atlin, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, PO Box 23350, Seattle, WA 98102; B.M. Prasanna, B. Das, M. Olsen, and D. Makumbi, CIMMYT, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri PO Box 1041, Village Market 00621, Nairobi, Kenya; M. Labushchangne and A. von Biljong, Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Free State, South Africa; B.S. Vivek, CIMMYT, Patancheru 502 324, India. Received 16 May 2016. Accepted 8 Sept. 2016. *Corresponding author ( j.cairns@cgiar.org). Assigned to Associate Editor Jode Edwards. Abbreviations: ASI, anthesis–silking interval; CIMMYT, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center; DH, doubled haploid; ESA, eastern and southern Africa; GCA, general combining ability; MSV, maize streak virus; OPV, open-pollinated variety; QTLs, quantitative trait loci; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa. Published in Crop Sci. 57:168–179 (2017). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.05.0343 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Published January 19, 2017
Subfields: Agronomy and Crop Science, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a9c35c225e44284b01717ce23ff39cb471d9c46
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Citations in the corpus
- Translating High-Throughput Phenotyping into Genetic Gain (2018, background): “As the public sector breeding moves toward informal networks such as the proposed ‘European Consortium for Open Field Experimentation’ [8] and the Eastern and Southern African Maize Breeding Network [20,46], the need to improve and standardize environmental collection is further reinforced.”