Current Concepts in the Rehabilitation of the Overhead Throwing Athlete

By K. Wilk, K. Meister, J. Andrews. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002

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Osseous Adaptation and Range of Motion at the Glenohumeral Joint in Professional Baseball Pitchers * (2002, background): “However, stretches that target the posterior contractile tissue are appropriate and should be performed.(31,32) We found an increase in humeral and glenoid retroversion in the dominant shoulders of throwing athletes compared with the nondominant shoulder, as well as an increase in external rotation ”
Glenohumeral Range of Motion Deficits and Posterior Shoulder Tightness in Throwers with Pathologic Internal Impingement (2006, background): “Thus, for every degree of external rotation gained, a degree of internal rotation can be lost without affecting the function of the throwing shoulder.(41) Range of motion alterations can become problematic in the throwing shoulder when the amount of glenohumeral internal rotation loss exceeds any ga”