Convectively Induced Secondary Circulations in Fine-Grid Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction Models

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A Review of Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterization Schemes and Their Sensitivity in Simulating Southeastern U.S. Cold Season Severe Weather Environments (2015, unknown): “Ching et al. (2014) describe the inability for high-resolution models to reliably simulate convectively induced secondary circulations (CISCs; e.g., convective rolls) owing to the disparity between the smaller spatial scale related to the CISCs and the model’s larger grid length.”
Bridging the Transition from Mesoscale to Microscale Turbulence in Numerical Weather Prediction Models (2014, background): “This is a numerical artifact due to the convective instability arising from the positive surface heat flux, but the generated structures are not physical (Ching et al. 2014).”
Representation of the Subgrid-Scale Turbulent Transport in Convective Boundary Layers at Gray-Zone Resolutions (2015, background): “Note that Ching et al. (2014) demonstrated that the growth rate of perturbations is inversely proportional to grid size (smallest resolved scales), because the superadiabatic layer in the lower CBL allows generation of modeled convectively induced secondary circulations (M-CISCs).”