Neonatal anthropometry: the thin–fat Indian baby. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study

By C. Yajnik, C. Fall, K. Coyaji, SS Hirve, S. Rao, D. Barker, C. Joglekar, S. Kellingray. International Journal of Obesity, 2003

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Endocrine regulation of human fetal growth: the role of the mother, placenta, and fetus. (2006, background): “Neonates in India and the United Kingdom with birth weights less than the 10th percentile exhibited both brainsparing and fat-sparing characteristics, possibly putting them at risk of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in adulthood (389).”
Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (2007, methodology): “The PMNS children are short and thin but relatively adipose compared with white children, similar to the situation in Indian newborns [5, 6] and adults [25].”
The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts: A Multinational Longitudinal Study of Ultrasound Biometric Measurements and Estimated Fetal Weight (2017, background): “It is known that body composition in Indian newborns contains relatively more fat [39], a pattern that passes across generations [40] and that is linked to Table 13.”
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries. (2008, background): “Finally, preventive feeding of prepregnant and pregnant women may actually exacerbate the risk of obesity in Asian Indian neonates who have low muscle mass and excess sc adipose (68, 154).”