IRAS 05358+3543: Multiple outflows at the earliest stages of massive star formation

By H. Beuther, Peter Schilke, F. Gueth, M. McCaughrean, M. Andersen, Sridharan T. K., K. Menten. 2002

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We present a high-angular-resolution molecular line and millimeter continuum study of the massive star formation site IRAS 05358+3543. Observations with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in CO 1{0, SiO 2{1 and H 13 CO + 1{0 reveal at least three outflows which cannot be separated in single-dish data. Observations at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths from the IRAM 30 m telescope and the CSO provide additional information on the region. The most remarkable feature is a highly collimated (collimation factor 10) and massive (>10 M) bipolar outflow of 1 pc length, which is part of a quadrupolar outflow system. The three observed molecular outflows forming the IRAS 05358+3543 outflow system resemble, in structure and collimation, those typical of low-mass star-forming regions. They might therefore, just like low-mass outflows, be explained by shock entrainment models of jets. We estimate a mass accretion rate of10 4 M/yr, sucient to overcome the radiative pressure of the central object and to build up a massive star, lending further support to the hypothesis that massive star formation occurs similarly to low-mass star formation, only with higher accretion rates and energetics. In the millimeter continuum, we nd three sources near the center of the quadrupolar outflow, each with a mass of 75{100 M. These cores are associated with a complex region of infrared reflection nebulosities and their embedded illuminating sources. The molecular line data show that SiO is found mostly in the outflows, whereas H 13 CO + traces core-like structures, though likely with varying relative abundances. Thermal CH3OH comprises both features and can be disentangled into a core-tracing component at the line center, and wing emission following the outflows. A CO line-ratio study (using data of the J = 1{0, 2{1 and 6{5 transitions) reveals local temperature gradients.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectroscopy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/89238c2ae8126c61c672c59576083be3dc0086e3

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Citations in the corpus

CH3OH and H2O masers in high-mass star-forming regions (2002, methodology): “A detailed description of the data reduction and analysis can be found in Beuther et al. (2002b).”
Collapse, outflows and fragmentation of massive, turbulent and magnetized prestellar barotropic cores (2011, background): “In the context of massive cores (Beuther et al. 2002a, Motte et al. 2007, Wu et al. 2010, Csengeri et al. 2010), the influence of the magnetic field is not extensively explored yet because only few studies have been performed (e.g. Banerjee & Pudritz 2007) in spite of the measurement which suggest…”
Photoionizing feedback in star cluster formation (2005, background): “The outflows described here clearly cannot be compared with the highly collimated sources recently discovered in pre-UCHIIRs (Beuther et al. 2002; Davis et al. 2004), but they may be compatible with some of the less collimated objects described by Shepherd et al. (1997).”
Theory of Star Formation (2007, background): “Outflows from high-mass protostellar objects with L 105 L⊙ (corresponding to m∗ 25 M⊙—Arnett, 1996) are collimated (Beuther et al., 2002b), but somewhat less so than those in low-mass protostars (Wu et al., 2004).”
A study of high velocity molecular outflows with an up-to-date sample (2004, background): “For example, IRAS 05358+3543, detected as one outflow, was separated into at least three outflows by the Plateau de Bure interferometer (Beuther et al. 2002a,c), including one highly collimated outflow.”