Randomized trials stopped early for benefit: a systematic review.

By Victor M. Montori, P. Devereaux, N. Adhikari, Karen E. A. Burns, Christoph Eggert, M. Briel, C. Lacchetti, T. W. Leung, E. Darling, D. Bryant and 12 more. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 2005

724 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Economics and Econometrics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/88f6381054a2a17e85757075f2ab857d96edc024

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Citations in the corpus

Trial sequential analysis reveals insufficient information size and potentially false positive results in many meta-analyses. (2008, background): “Bias may originate from publication bias [5e7], inclusion of trials with highbias risk [8e11], outcome measure bias [12], premature stopping of ‘‘positive’’ trials [ 13 ], and small trial bias [14].”
What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians? (2008, background): “These limitations include lack of allocation concealment; lack of blinding, particularly if outcomes are subjective and their assessment highly susceptible to bias; a large loss to follow-up; failure to adhere to an intention to treat analysis; stopping early for benefit”
CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials (2010, background): “The report should also disclose factors extrinsic to the trial that affected the decision to stop the trial, and who made the decision to stop the trial, including reporting the role the funding agency played in the deliberations and in the decision to stop the trial [134].”
CONSORT for Reporting Randomized Controlled Trials in Journal and Conference Abstracts: Explanation and Elaboration (2008, background): “If a trial stops early for apparent benefit, the estimates of treatment effect are more likely to be biased and prone to exaggeration [57,58].”
GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence--imprecision. (2011, background): “Simulation studies [3] and empirical evidence [4,5] suggest that trials stopped early for benefit overestimate treatment effects.”
Trial sequential analysis may establish when firm evidence is reached in cumulative meta-analysis. (2008, background): “First, bias from trials with low methodological quality [1e4], outcome measure bias [5,6], publication bias [7], early stopping for benefit [ 8 ], and small trial bias (which may be a proxy for the other bias mechanisms) [9] may result in spurious P-values.”
Korean translation of the CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trials (2014, neutral): “세부항목 14b (모집) – 경험적 연구를 바탕으로, “왜 시험이 끝나거나 중단되었는지”에 대한 종속항목을 추가하였다 [25].”
Preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery: a randomized clinical trial. (2006, background): “Duration of postoperative hospitalization, median (range), d 7 (5-41) 8 (6-70) .”