Preparation of gold, platinum, palladium and silver nanoparticles by the reduction of their salts with a weak reductant–potassium bitartrate

By Yiwei Tan, Xin-hua Dai, Yongfang Li, Daoben Zhu. 2003

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Algal Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biotechnological Potentials (2016, background): “In chemical synthesis, nanoparticles are grown in a liquid medium containing various reactants particularly reducing agents such as sodium borohy‐ dride [2], potassium bitartartarate [3], methoxypolyethylene glycol [4], or hydrazine [5].”
A novel green one-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles using chitosan: catalytic activity and antimicrobial studies (2012, background): “The most commonly used stabilizers are polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (Link et al. 1999; Tan et al. 2003), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Abdul kareem and Anu kaliani 2011), polyaniline (Bouazza et al. 2009) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Tan et al. 2003).”
SYNTHESIS ROUTES FOR LARGE VOLUMES OF NANOPARTICLES (2004, background): “Long-chain n-alkanethiols are the most common protective agents employed to stabilize silver colloids (26), even though aromatic amines such as aniline (29), carboxylic acids (28, 34), and polymers (13, 33) have been also employed.”
Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles: Applications and Limitations (2021, background): “Several reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) [9], potassium bitartrate [10], formaldehyde [11], methoxypolyethylene glycol [12], hydrazine [13], etc.”