Fitness Cost Associated with Loss of the AvrLm4 Avirulence Function in Leptosphaeria maculans (Phoma Stem Canker of Oilseed Rape)

By Yongju Huang, Zi-Qin Li, N. Evans, T. Rouxel, B. Fitt, M. Balesdent. European journal of plant pathology, 2005

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Advances in plant disease and pest management (2010, background): “Experimental studies have shown that even single virulences can affect relative fitness by comparison with avirulent genotypes on susceptible hosts lacking the corresponding R gene (Huang et al. 2006, 2010).”
World-Wide Importance of Phoma Stem Canker (Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa) on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) (2005, background): “…isolates of L. maculans differing at specific avirulence loci (AvrLm1, avrLm1; AvrLm4, avrLm4; AvrLm6, avrLm6) provides an excellent opportunity to study fitness deficits associated with loss of avirulence (Huang et al., 2006) as a predictor of durability of resistance genes (Leach et al., 2001).”
Major gene resistance in Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is overcome by changes in virulence of populations of Leptosphaeria maculans in France and Australia (2005, background): “This hypothesis was tested and is discussed by Huang et al. (2006) who compared symptoms caused by near-isogenic isolates of L. maculans differing at the AvrLm4 locus.”