Exploring the Potentials of Banana (Musa Sapietum) Peels in Feed Formulation

By U. F. Hassan, H. Hassan, O. Ushie, A. Ibrahim, N. Tabe. 2018

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The proximate and mineral level of banana (Musa sapietum) peel was determined using standard methods of analyses of AOAC and atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. The peels contained 1.95 ± 0.14 % crude proteins, 5.93 ± 0.13 % crude fat, 8.37 ± 0.18 % crude fibre, and 11.82± 2.17 % carbohydrate. The banana peel investigated contained phosphorus (211.30± 1.24 mg/ 100 g), iron (47.00 ± 1.26 mg/100 g), calcium (59.10 ± 0.85 mg/100 g), magnesium (44.50 ± 0.08 mg/100 g), sodium (115.10 ± 0.26 mg/100 g) with low content in zinc (0.033 ± 0.04 mg/100 g), copper (0.51 ± 0.02 mg/100g), potassium (4.39 ± 0.15 mg/100 g) and manganese (0.702 ± 0.09 mg/100 g).This shows that the peels can be incorporated in the formulation of animal feed as it contains significant amount of both nutrients and minerals needed for the healthy growth of animals and this will also help in reducing the menace of banana peel waste in the environment. Exploring the Potentials of Banana (Musa Sapietum) Peels in Feed Formulation International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science (IJARCS) Page | 11 diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, constipation, irritable colon, colon cancer, and diabetes (Rodriguez et al; 2006). The fruit fibre has a better quality than other fibre sources due to its high total and soluble fibre content, water and oil holding capacities, and colonic fermentability, as well as a lower phytic acid and caloric value content (Figuerola et al; 2005). The high dietary fibre content of banana peel (about 50 g/ 100 g) is indicative of a good source of dietary fibre (Happi et al;2007).The maturation of banana fruits was reported to impact the dietary fibre composition-contents of banana peels (Happi et al; 2007). However, the peels of banana are thrown away as rubbish and farmers are known to use them as feed for their animals. It is therefore necessary to determine the potassium content of some Nigerian bananas and to also extract the oils from their peels. Banana is eaten all over the world by all sections of the population. It is known to contain potassium and has been suggested that it could serve as a source of potassium (Anhwange, 2008). Banana peels are used as feedstock as they have some nutritional values. Banana peels are widely used for that purpose on small farms in regions where bananas are grown. There are some concerns over the impact of tannins contained in the peels on animals that consume them (Onwuka et al., 2005). The specific nutrition contained in peels depends on the stage of maturity and the cultivar; for example plantain peels contain less fibre than dessert banana peels, and lignin content increases with ripening (from 7 to 15% dry matter). On the average, banana peels contain 6-9% dry matter of protein and 2030% fibre (measured as NDF). Green plantain peels contain 40% starch that is transformed into sugars after ripening. Green banana peels contain much less starch (about 15%) when green while ripe banana peels contain up to 30% free sugars (Happi et al., 2007). The study is aimed at determining the potentials of banana peels (Musa sapietum peels) in feed formulation. The objectives are to evaluate the nutritive (ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fibre and moisture content) and mineral composition (zinc, iron, manganese, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and copper) of the peels of banana. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the preparations of all the solutions, chemicals of analytical reagent grade purity and distilled water were used. All the glass and plastic wares were thoroughly washed with detergent solution, repeatedly rinsed with water and the solution to be used therein. 2.1. Collection of Sample Banana fruits were purchased from five (5) different sellers within Bauchi (Wunti and Yelwa markets). The samples were collected, cleaned, washed, dried and stored prior to analysis. 2.2. Sample Preparation Fruits of banana were washed with water, peeled, dried, ground using porcelain pestle and mortar and then sieved using 2 mm sieve mesh. 2.3. Determination of Parameters Determination of moisture and ash content, crude protein, carbohydrate were made using the methods of AOAC (AOAC; 1990). Energy value crude fat and energy value were done using the methods specified by Ali, (2009) and Hassan et al. (2007) respectively. The minerals: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), copper(Cu), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) were determined using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Model 210 VGP. Determination of phosphorus in the samples were made using the method of Ademoroti (1996). 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Subfields: Nutrition and Dietetics, Plant Science

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