Control of sp2/sp3 carbon ratio and surface chemistry of nanodiamond powders by selective oxidation in air.

By S. Osswald, G. Yushin, V. Mochalin, S. Kucheyev, Yury Gogotsi. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2006

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Electrochemical performance of carbon onions, nanodiamonds, carbon black and multiwalled nanotubes in electrical double layer capacitors (2007, background): “(UD50 grade) and its structure has been described in a previous paper [11].”
Hybrid carbon based nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of biomolecules (2017, background): “However as stated already above (v) it is by no means clear how the properties of individual functionalized nanodiamond particles are reflected in the electrochemical behavior of electrodes consisting of billions of DnDs packed into a more or less uniform film.”
Curvature effects in carbon nanomaterials: Exohedral versus endohedral supercapacitors (2010, background): “is still conductive because of the sp(2) structures in the amorphous carbon, fullerene-like shells, and graphitic ribbons.(26) In addition to particle size and conductivities, defects and micropores also affect capacitance.”
Carbon structure in nanodiamonds elucidated from Raman spectroscopy (2017, background): “Some portion of the amorphous sp3 and GLS shell can be eliminated, for example, by oxidation or plasma etching [11,12].”