Coronal mass ejections, type II radio bursts, and solar energetic particle events in the SOHO era
By Nat Gopalswamy, S. Yashiro, S. Akiyama, P. Mäkelä, Hong Xie, M. Kaiser, R. Howard, J. Bougeret. 2008
149 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Using the extensive and uniform data on coro- nal mass ejections (CMEs), solar energetic particle (SEP) events, and type II radio bursts during the SOHO era, we discuss how the CME properties such as speed, width and solar-source longitude decide whether CMEs are associated with type II radio bursts and SEP events. We discuss why some radio-quiet CMEs are associated with small SEP events while some radio-loud CMEs are not associated with SEP events. We conclude that either some fast and wide CMEs do not drive shocks or they drive weak shocks that do not produce significant levels of particle acceleration. We also infer that the Alfvspeed in the corona and near-Sun inter- planetary medium ranges from <200 km/s to 1600 km/s. Radio-quiet fast and wide CMEs are also poor SEP produc- ers and the association rate of type II bursts and SEP events steadily increases with CME speed and width (i.e. energy). If we consider western hemispheric CMEs, the SEP associ- ation rate increases linearly from 30% for 800 km/s CMEs to 100% for 1800 km/s. Essentially all type II bursts in the decametre-hectometric (DH) wavelength range are asso- ciated with SEP events once the source location on the Sun is taken into account. This is a significant result for space weather applications, because if a CME originating from the western hemisphere is accompanied by a DH type II burst, there is a high probability that it will produce an SEP event.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87d115b5014ac148c641eb490946555083eb66ce
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In Astronomy and Astrophysics
Citations in the corpus
- Relationship between Solar Energetic Particles and Properties of Flares and CMEs: Statistical Analysis of Solar Cycle 23 Events (2014, methodology): “Some of these studies also included information on type II (Wang, 2006; Gopalswamy et al., 2008; Richardson et al., 2014) and type III (Cane, Richardson, and von Rosenvinge, 2010; Richardson et al., 2014) radio bursts.”
- Properties of Ground Level Enhancement Events and the Associated Solar Eruptions During Solar Cycle 23 (2012, background): “Given the possibility that the coronal Alfvén speed can vary by a factor of 4 (Gopalswamy 2008; Gopalswamy et al. 2008a, 2008b), we understand that these CMEs can drive strong shocks if they propagate through a low-Alfvén speed medium.”
- Probing the first stars and black holes in the early Universe with the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) (2008, background): “There are approximately tens of such bursts per year (Gopalswamy et al. 2008), depending on the phase in the solar cycle, and hence they will affect only a small proportion of the mission.”
- CME interactions with coronal holes and their interplanetary consequences (2009, background): “The list of shocks and the driving ICMEs, along with the associated white-light CMEs, flares and radio emission characteristics will be published elsewhere [Gopalswamy et al., 2008, under preparation].”