Improvements to an Empirical Parameterization of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation and Its Comparison with Observations

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Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles (2017, background): “tions (Vali 2008). Vali (2008) provides speculative reasons for the observed increase in freezing temperature that include but are not limited to retention of molecular clusters for ice embryo growth on the INP sites or movement of the INP from the droplet interior to the surface at the air–water in”
A New Ice Nucleation Active Site Parameterization for Desert Dust and Soot (2017, methodology): “Here, the most commonly used aerosol-speciﬁc parameterization framework is that of Phillips et al. (2008, 2013).”
Revisiting ice nucleation from precipitation samples (2015, background): “…of INP parameterizations [DeMott et al., 2010; Fletcher, 1962; Georgii and Kleinjung, 1967; Khvorostyanov and Curry, 2004;Meyers et al., 1992; Niemand et al., 2012; Phillips et al., 2008, 2013], quantifying and understanding cloud-ice microphysical processes remains difficult in field studies.”
Representation of microphysical processes in cloud‐resolving models: Spectral (bin) microphysics versus bulk parameterization (2015, background): “In light of the uncertainties of ice production processes, different empirically based parameterizations have been developed [e.g.,Meyers et al., 1992; DeMott et al., 2010; Phillips et al., 2013].”