Estimating signal amplitudes in optimal fingerprinting, part I: theory

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Application of regularised optimal fingerprinting to attribution. Part I: method, properties and idealised analysis (2013, methodology): “This extension is done for both the ordinary least squares (Allen and Tett 1999, hereafter AT99) and the total least squares statistical models (Allen and Stott 2003, hereafter AS03).”
The timing of anthropogenic emergence in simulated climate extremes (2015, methodology): “For attribution studies in which an optimal fingerprinting technique is being applied (e.g. Allen and Stott 2003,Min et al 2011, Zhang et al 2013), the issue of varied signals across models is of less importance due to the regression of observational trends onto fingerprints.”
Causes of climate change over the historical record (2019, methodology): “In this case a total least square regression may be applied (Allen and Stott, 2003),”
A new statistical approach to climate change detection and attribution (2016, methodology): “This is referred to as the Total Least Squares approach (TLS, see Allen and Stott 2003; Ribes et al. 2013).”
Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003 (2004, unknown): “Construct observed summer temperature changes with a regression model (Allen and Stott 2003): !”