Whale watching 2001: worldwide tourism numbers, expenditures, and expanding socioeconomic benefits

By E. Hoyt, Nairobi eng Unep. 2001

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Changes in bottlenose dolphin whistle parameters related to vessel presence, surface behaviour and group composition (2016, background): “bottlenose dolphin, marine tourism, Namibia, Tursiops truncatus, vocal behaviour Wildlife tourism involving cetacean (whale, dolphin and porpoise) watching has experienced rapid growth since the 1990s (Hoyt, 2001; O’Connor, Campbell, Cortez, & Knowles, 2009).”
Conservation and Economic Benefits of Wildlife-Based Marine Tourism: Sea Turtles and Whales as Case Studies (2003, background): “However, at present both these nature-based tourism activities are not only popular, but also provide economic and conservation benefits for the protection of sea turtles and whales (Hoyt, 2001; Tisdell & Wilson, 2002a).”
The Shark Watching Industry and its Potential Contribution to Shark Conservation (2005, background): “For example, whales were once hunted extensively for meat and oil products, but today, many countries benefit from the tourism dollars earned from whale watching, an activity that now contributes over US$1 billion annually to the global ecotourism industry (Hoyt, 2001).”