Joule heating during flash-sintering

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Current understanding and future research directions at the onset of the next century of sintering science and technology (2017, background): “The observed densification rate has been rationalized due to localized heating of the grain boundaries(288) or to mechanisms related to unstable avalanche of defects caused by a combination of electric field and temperature.(294) An alternative explanation, based on the observation of significantly ”
Thermal runaway, flash sintering and asymmetrical microstructural development of ZnO and ZnO–Bi2O3 under direct currents (2015, unknown): “, a flash event starts as a simple case of thermal runaway (without the need of avalanching non-equilibrium defects as previously assumed) at least for the case of ZnO; however, we emphasize that this does not exclude the possible formation of non-equilibrium defects after the occurrence of the flas”
Flash sintering of ceramics (2019, methodology): “This conclusion is in perfect agreement with the experimental findings by Trombin and Raj [87], shown in Figure 18(a).”
Review of flash sintering: Materials, mechanisms and modelling (2017, methodology): “Nearly 50% (42 out of a total of 88) of the papers have been authored (institution of the first author) by USA scientists (Figure 10(b)) thanks to the significant contribution by Professor Rishi Raj’s (Colorado University) group.”