How faulting keeps the crust strong

By John Townend, M. Zoback. 2000

957 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8704dbbf40d1dab99697d3f8d8d94bd7ce4dd5f5

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In Geophysics

Citations in the corpus

Earthquake ruptures with thermal weakening and the operation of major faults at low overall stress levels (2009, background): “Assuming that t/s within the crust is bounded by typical static friction levels (0.6–0.9), as is observed at many locations [Townend and Zoback, 2000], we can constrain the maximum value of t/s on planes parallel to the SAF (Figure 8).”
Fault Reactivation by Fluid Injection: Controls From Stress State and Injection Rate (2018, background): “In nature, measurements of in situ stress states in the upper crust have shown that the shear stress is close to the static strength limit for brittle failure [e.g., Townend and Zoback, 2000].”
How the Continents Deform: The Evidence From Tectonic Geodesy* (2009, background): “My own view (Thatcher & Pollitz 2008) and that of others before me (e.g., Lachenbruch & Sass 1980, Townend & Zoback 2000, Jackson 2002) is that the upper crust is the predominant load-bearing element in deforming regions.”
On sorption and swelling of CO2 in clays (2016, background): “It was also shown, that only mechanically active faults can become hydraulically active or permeable (Townend and Zoback 2000), and the risk of loss of containment exists only for permeable faults.”
EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERING BY STATIC, DYNAMIC, AND POSTSEISMIC STRESS TRANSFER (2005, background): “These observations lead Gomberg et al. to suggest that faults may be critically stressed everywhere (e.g., Townend & Zoback 2000), making earthquake triggering a “ubiquitous and unpredictable” process.”
Injection-Induced Earthquakes (2013, background): “Hydraulic connection between the injection zone and faults in the basement may also favor inducing earthquakes, as the tectonic shear stress increases with depth in the brittle crust (2).”
Can the maintenance of overpressured fluids in large strike-slip fault zones explain their apparent weakness? (2001, background): “506 GEOLOGY, June 2001 that do not cut through the entire crust show normal Byerlee friction coefficients (Sibson, 1994; Townend and Zoback, 2000 ).”