Communicating With Large Intelligent Surfaces: Fundamental Limits and Models

By Davide Dardari. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2019

317 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This paper analyzes the optimal communication involving large intelligent surfaces (LIS) starting from electromagnetic arguments. Since the numerical solution of the corresponding eigenfunction problems is in general computationally prohibitive, simple but accurate analytical expressions for the link gain and available spatial degrees-of-freedom (DoF) are derived. It is shown that the achievable DoF and gain offered by the wireless link are determined only by geometric factors, and that the classical Friis’ formula is no longer valid in this scenario where the transmitter and receiver could operate in the near-field regime. Furthermore, results indicate that, contrarily to classical MIMO systems, when using LIS-based antennas DoF larger than 1 can be exploited even in strong line-of-sight (LOS) channel conditions, which corresponds to a significant increase in spatial capacity density, especially when working at millimeter waves.

Subfields: Aerospace Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/86d3817913d855cf042c8b85c3c35cdbfefc4814

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Citations in the corpus

Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces for Efficient Holographic MIMO Communications in 6G (2023, unknown): “Furthermore, Dardari [29] demonstrated that LIS-aided solutions are capable of improving the spatial multiplexing gain even in strong line-of-sight (LoS) propagation conditions.”
Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions (2022, background): “We see that some recent studies provided discussions on array gain [201] and power gain [203] for LIS based communi-”
A Tutorial on Extremely Large-Scale MIMO for 6G: Fundamentals, Signal Processing, and Applications (2023, methodology): “Besides, the transmitter in [57] was equipped with a 5 × 5 cm 2 CAP plane.”
Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How it Works, State of Research, and Road Ahead (2020, background): “The authors of [257] move from the findings in [258], and analyze the scaling laws of RISs and massive MIMO as a function of the number of reflecting elements.”
Beam Focusing for Near-Field Multi-User MIMO Communications (2021, background): “Both [13] and [14] studied ideal antenna architectures, where the transceiver has direct access to the signal observed at each element.”
A Tutorial on Near-Field XL-MIMO Communications Toward 6G (2023, unknown): “On the other hand, polarization is the orientation of the electric ﬁeld vector in an electromagnetic (EM) wave, and the mismatch between the polarization of receive antenna and that of the incident wave is another important factor for near-ﬁeld communications [36]–[39].”
A Joint Precoding Framework for Wideband Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Cell-Free Network (2020, background): “Different from the passive RIS, LIS is considered as a quasicontinuous surface [46] which can actively achieve surface beamforming [47].”
Communicating With Extremely Large-Scale Array/Surface: Unified Modeling and Performance Analysis (2021, unknown): “Compared with existing relevant works such as [11], [17], [19], our study is generic in the sense that: (i) it uniﬁes the modelling and analysis of XL-array communications with the classical discrete array implementation and the emerging continuous surface architecture, by explicitly modelling the…”
Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How It Works, State of Research, and The Road Ahead (2020, background): “The authors of [258] move from the findings in [23], and analyze the scaling laws of RISs and massive MIMO as a function of the number of reflecting elements.”
Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Wireless Communications (2021, background): “proposed in [17], [18] uses the whole contiguous surface of electromagnetically active material for transmitting and receiving.”
The Integrated Sensing and Communication Revolution for 6G: Vision, Techniques, and Applications (2024, unknown): “Depending on the technology adopted and the way it is modeled, an ELAA may be dubbed as holographic MIMO and large intelligent surface (LIS) [232], [233], [234]. these terms are applied when arrays consist of electrically small and densely packed elements.”
Near-Field Communications: A Tutorial Review (2023, background): “It is worth noting that the influence of polarization loss was also considered in [40], [41].”
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Localization: Position and Orientation Error Bounds (2020, background): “With the availability of new degrees of freedom useful to improve the network performance, the environment will be no more perceived as a passive entity, but as a meaningful support for wireless communications based applications [18]–[23], e.”